益生菌种类英文(Types of Probiotics A Comprehensive List of Beneficial Bacteria)

Types of Probiotics: A Comprehensive List of Beneficial Bacteria

Probiotics are living microorganisms that provide health benefits to the host when consumed in adequate amounts. These beneficial bacteria, yeasts, and other microbes can improve digestion, boost the immune system, reduce inflammation, and prevent various diseases. Here's a comprehensive list of the most common types of probiotics and their health benefits:

Lactobacillus

Lactobacillus is a genus of lactic acid bacteria that are naturally present in the human gut and genital tract, as well as in fermented foods like yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, and sourdough bread. Some of the most extensively studied species of Lactobacillus include L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus, L. casei, L. plantarum, L. fermentum, L. reuteri, and L. gasseri.

Lactobacillus probiotics have been shown to benefit various health conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhea, constipation, urinary tract infections, vaginal infections, and allergies. They can also improve the absorption of nutrients, reduce cholesterol levels, and enhance the immune response.

Bifidobacterium

Bifidobacterium is a genus of gram-positive bacteria that dominates the human intestinal microbiota, especially in infants and young children. They can also be found in breastmilk, fermented dairy products, and some vegetables. The most well-known species of Bifidobacterium are B. bifidum, B. lactis, B. longum, B. breve, and B. animalis.

Bifidobacterium probiotics have been shown to improve intestinal health by reducing inflammation, alleviating constipation, and preventing or treating diarrhea caused by infections, antibiotics, or stress. They can also enhance the immune system, promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, and lower the risk of allergies, obesity, and cardiovascular disease.

Streptococcus

Streptococcus is a genus of gram-positive bacteria that includes both pathogenic and beneficial species. The most commonly used probiotic strains of Streptococcus are S. thermophilus and S. salivarius.

S. thermophilus is a lactic acid bacterium that is commonly used in the production of yogurt and other fermented dairy products. It can improve lactose digestion, prevent diarrhea caused by antibiotics or infections, and boost the immune system.

S. salivarius is an oral bacteria that can colonize the throat and mouth. It has been shown to reduce the risk of streptococcal pharyngitis, dental caries, and halitosis, as well as to enhance the immune response and alleviate the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome.

Saccharomyces

Saccharomyces is a genus of yeast that is commonly used as a probiotic. The most common species of Saccharomyces is S. boulardii, which is resistant to gastric acidity and bile salts and can survive in the colon.

S. boulardii has been shown to be effective in preventing or treating diarrhea caused by bacterial or viral infections, antibiotics, or cancer treatments. It can also reduce the symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and traveler's diarrhea. Additionally, it can modulate the immune response and improve the absorption of nutrients.

Escherichia coli Nissle

Escherichia coli Nissle is a probiotic strain of E. coli that is non-pathogenic and can alleviate various gastrointestinal disorders, such as ulcerative colitis, constipation, and diarrhea. It can also improve the composition and function of the gut microbiota and enhance the immune response.

Conclusion

Probiotics are a diverse group of microorganisms that can provide numerous health benefits to the host. The most common types of probiotics include Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, Saccharomyces, and E. coli Nissle. Each of these bacteria has unique properties and functions that can improve digestive health, boost immunity, and prevent various diseases. If you are interested in taking probiotics, consult your doctor or a registered dietitian to determine which strains and doses are appropriate for your individual needs and preferences.